Friday, March 6, 2015

"What Influences Students' Need ForRemediation In College?"

Source: Howell, Jessica S. "What Influences Students' Need ForRemediation In College? Evidence From California." Journal of HigherEducation 82.3 (2011): 292-318. Academic Search Complete. Web. 6Mar. 2015.

Summary:
This source provides a very deep look into a relatively narrow area of the No Child Left Behind debate. The Author, Jessica Howell, examines the need for remediation classes in college, that is, special college classes designed to get people up to grade level, in California colleges and the possible role of NCLB in perpetuating that problem. By examining data from across the state, she found that the need for college remediation correlates with two factors: the student’s race and the degree level of the student’s lower grade teachers. Students who identified as Black or Latino were more likely to need remediation due to the correlation in California between race and socioeconomic disadvantage; students who had teachers with Master’s Degrees or higher in their subject area were less likely to need it.

Quality:
This appears to be a very high-quality source. There is a tremendous amount of data here, and Ms. Howell appears to have spent a tremendous amount of time analyzing it; furthermore, the ways in which certain data were compared to other data were explained thoroughly, gives critical readers plenty of insight in case they were questioning her methodology. For example, when explaining a chart in her study, Howell provides a detailed explanation of the reasons that the graph appears the way it does, “The dependent variable in each regression is the proportion of students from each high school that need remedial math (English) upon entering a CSU campus. Year fixed effects are included in both regressions. ***, **, * indicate statistical significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively” (Harlow 314). Such detailed explanation of her data gives the reader confidence that Howell has thought carefully about her discoveries and the way she presents them.

Issues:
The study has some limitations in its set of observable data and its geographic scope. The study only looks at numerical data, for example, so some non-quantifiable elements can’t be observed. Ms. Howell tell us. “[This study] can only tell us so much [about whether having teachers with master’s degrees will automatically make better classrooms], it is important to recognize that the analysis is not able to control for unobservable teacher attributes that may be important determinants of both master’s degree acquisition and skill in the classroom” (313). Additionally, the study only focuses on California, so we don’t know for sure if that data will apply nationally or on the global stage.

Key Words and Phrases:
No Child Left Behind
College Remediation
Race
Socioeconomic Effects
K-12 Education

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